ABSTRACT
Children usually come to emergency department accompanied with painful conditions and injuries.During the emergence care,additional painful,distressing or unpleasant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures may be required.Emergency doctors are anticipated to provide safe and effective analgesia and se-dation for children.This review summarized recent studies on the following aspects:make sure that children do not experience lengthened or additional pain when coming to emergency medical care;at triage use a com-posite pain assessment tool to assess;aim to provide effective analgesia at the first attempt-use the appropriate drug,dose,and route;choose painless modes of delivery(nasal route,flavoured syrups) if possible;reassess frequently pain scores to make sure that analgesia is effective and allow adequate time for it to work;use non-pharmacological and pharmacological modalities to manage pain;avoid the"routine"use of unnecessary painful invasive procedures;use topical,local and regional anaesthesia together with proper safe procedural se-dation to avoid further pain.
ABSTRACT
As national strategic resources,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resource is the material basis for the pharmaceutical industry and health services.The high-efficiency utilization of TCM resource is a major strategic issue that realize the resource conservation and environment friendly recycling economy,guarantee the sustainable development of medicine.But currently,on one hand,the wild TCM resource was seriously damaged and in a serious shortage of stock,the cultivation variety was degenerated,the tending of endangered medicinal materials and the development of alternative varieties were faced many problems.On the other hand,the limited resources cannot be effectively utilized,which results in the waste of resources.Therefore,two ecological restricted resources,poria cocos and Chinese gall,were studied for comprehensive utilization of resources to explore the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resource as well as the pattern of sustainable development.We suggested that TCM resource should be taken into account as a whole for comprehensive utilization.We should especially pay attention to basic research for the sustainable development of TCM resource,discovery of bioactive substance,excavation and transformation for functional components,the use of biotechnology,the product development,the formation and extension of industry chain.So as the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resources and sustainable development would be realized.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the reasonableness test of different parts of Herba Asari.METHODS:HPLC method was used to determine aristolochic acid A content content in different parts of Herba Asari.RESULTS:Aristolochic acid A content in above-ground parts of Herba Asari was higher than that in the root,and aristolochic acid A was not detected ever in some Radix et Rhizoma Asari.CONCLUSION:It is more reasonable that the medicinal part of Herba Asari is selected from the root rather than whole herb,and it is coincident with medicinal literature.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the parameters of drop pill's process in proportion to matrix, refrigerant and addition, in relationship with the height and rotational speed of freeze-pillar and drop pills. Methods: Using parallel experimentation for the choice of matrix and refrigerant; mode and proportion of adding drug. Using orthogonal experimentation for the choice of height and rotate speed about freeze-pillar, dropping speed. With moulding probability of drop pills as the evaluation quota to decide the best dropping condition. Results: PEG 4000 is matrix. Methyl-siliconoil: Liquid-paraffin (3∶1) is refrigerant. Internal and external diameter of burette are equal to 4.5mm and 5.8mm. Drug is dropped into the refrigerant of 10～15 ?C by 50 to 60 dropping per minute (freeze-pillar height 120cm, rotate speed is 20 round per minute.) Moulding probability is of the highest one. Conclusion: The moulding technics of drop pills with high finished product rate and good quality.